Case Study: Acute Otitis Media (Right Ear)

Evidence-based diagnosis and management of a preschool child with fever, irritability, and otalgia — emphasizing antibiotic stewardship and caregiver education.

Patient Profile

Patient: Master Aarav Sharma, 3-year-old male
Chief Complaint: Irritability, fever, and tugging at right ear for 2 days

History & Examination

  • Medical history: No prior ear infections; immunizations up to date
  • Symptoms: Fever (101.5°F), poor appetite, disturbed sleep
  • Physical exam: Bulging, erythematous right tympanic membrane with reduced mobility on pneumatic otoscopy

Investigations

  • Clinical diagnosis based on history and otoscopic findings
  • No imaging or labs required unless complications suspected

Diagnosis

Acute Otitis Media (AOM) — Right Ear confirmed by middle ear effusion and signs of inflammation.

Management Plan

Pharmacological

  • Amoxicillin 80–90 mg/kg/day in divided doses for 7 days
  • Paracetamol for fever and pain relief

Supportive Care

  • Encourage fluid intake and rest
  • Caregiver education on symptom monitoring
  • Return precautions for mastoiditis, persistent fever, or hearing concerns

Follow-Up Plan

  • 48–72 hours: Reassess if symptoms persist or worsen
  • 2–3 weeks: Recheck for resolution and middle ear effusion

Outcome Goals

  • Symptom resolution and pain control
  • Prevention of recurrent AOM
  • Preservation of normal hearing and speech development

Long-Term Considerations

  • Risk factors: passive smoking, bottle feeding in supine position
  • Consider tympanostomy tubes if recurrent AOM (≥3 episodes in 6 months)

References

  • Lieberthal AS et al. The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media. Pediatrics. 2013;131(3):e964–e999.
  • UpToDate: Acute Otitis Media in Children.